The flow velocities measured with TCD are directly proportional to invasive flow measurements 1, 2. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a noninvasive technique that uses a pulsed ultrasonic beam to evaluate the velocity, direction, and other properties of blood flow in the cerebral arteries, as well as the cerebrovascular reserve. The former has a low MFV in the MCA whereas the latter has a high MFV in the ACA. In conclusion, the possibility of cerebrovascular changes is confirmed in the present study in both TTH and migraine without aura. In addition, the TTH group had significantly lower PSV and MFV in the MCA and a lower EDV in the VA than migraine patients without aura. Within the 3 groups of patients, the TTH group had significantly lower PSV in the MCA and PCA than the group of migraine with aura. Patients in the TTH group had a significantly lower peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) in the MCA compared with controls, whereas EDV and MFV in the ACA were significantly higher in the migraine without aura group than controls. Each participant was examined with TCD ultrasonography of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral and vertebral arteries (MCA, ACA, PCA, and VA) at rest. They were compared with a control group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The study included 24 patients with chronic TTH and 37 patients with migraine (16 with aura and 21 without aura) classified according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society 2018. The aim of the current study was to determine whether tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine with or without aura have altered anterior and posterior circulation compared with normal volunteers as assessed by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography.
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